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<div class="ninfoto">  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://www.9116wan.com/static/css/jquery.jqzoom.css" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://www.9116wan.com/static/js/jquery.jqzoom-core.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $('.jqzoom').jqzoom({ zoomType: 'standard', lens:true, preloadImages: false, alwaysOn:false, zoomWidth: 320, zoomHeight: 250 }); }); </script> <div class="product_detail" id="pd1"> <h6 style="text-align: center;"><strong>? <span style="font-size: 24px;color: #333">火電廠冒的“白煙”是不是有害廢氣需不需要治理，聽聽專家怎么說</span></strong> <p class="smal-hide"><span>發布時間：2020-02-26 14:43</span> <span>點擊：<script src="/plus/count.php?view=yes&aid=1450&mid=1" type='text/javascript' language="javascript"></script></span></p> </h6> <div class="wznr"><div> 很多人或許都注意到，家附近火電廠的那些大煙囪總是冒著濃濃白煙，往往心生疑問，這白煙污染環境嗎，會加劇霧霾天氣嗎？</div> <div> <img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200226/1-200226144454916.jpg" style="width: 602px; height: 333px;" /></div> <div> 火電廠煙囪排放的“白煙”</div> <div> “白煙”不污染</div> <div> 其實，這些大煙囪里冒出的不是“煙”，是霧狀水汽，我們看到的大大的“煙囪”也不是煙囪，而是冷卻水塔。</div> <div> 中國電力企業聯合會王志軒介紹，火電廠產生的“白煙”是因采用的濕法脫硫工藝排放的濕煙氣所為，濕煙氣簡稱“白煙”或者“有色煙羽”。</div> <div> 目前，世界各國燃煤電廠普遍采用濕法脫硫，濕法脫硫后均是濕煙氣，并且只有所有污染物低排放的煙氣才有資格采用濕煙氣排放。</div> <div> 對于“白煙”的形成，專業上是這樣講的：火電廠采用濕法脫硫工藝后，產生的濕煙氣溫度一般在45～52℃，煙氣經煙囪排放到大氣中，與溫度相對較低的環境空氣接觸而冷凝及凝結，所形成的大量霧狀水汽對光線產生折射、散射，通常呈現出白色、灰（白）色或藍色的顏色，這個過程體現了物理中的液化原理。其中，“白色煙羽”較為常見，就是我們經常見到的“白煙”。</div> <div> 所以，對于治理設施質量合格的超低排放機組來說，其成分以水霧為主，污染物濃度很低，對環境質量沒有直接影響，屬于視覺污染。</div> <div> 原來，“白煙”成分就像桑拿房的“白煙”一樣，主要成分是水。明白了這些，看到大煙囪的“白煙”，不用再擔驚受怕了。</div> <div> 消除“白煙”勞民傷財</div> <div> 那么對于這種視覺污染的白煙，是否要進行全面消除，給火電廠“美容”呢？答案是否定的。</div> <div> 國電環境保護研究院院長朱法華介紹，消除“白煙”的方式可以采用直接加熱或者煙氣冷凝再加熱的方式。其中，直接加熱不減少任何污染物的排放，相反由于煙氣加熱增加能源消耗，反而增加污染物排放。</div> <div> 而煙氣冷凝再加熱的方式，通過回收煙氣中凝結水，在冷凝過程中會有部分可凝結顆粒物溶入冷凝水中而脫除，對減少煙氣中污染物排放有一定效果，但在普遍實現煙氣超低排放情況下這種效果有限，對改善環境空氣質量收效甚微。</div> <div> 并且在煙氣消除“白煙”過程中，還要花費一筆不小的費用。</div> <div> 朱法華介紹，煙氣加熱及消除“白煙”過程中的阻力增加一般會提高供電煤耗1-3克每千瓦時。即使在超低排放條件下，也會使相應排放的總PM2.5濃度提高0.6-1.8毫克每立方米。多個實施煙氣“消白”的燃煤電廠測試結果表明，超低排放后燃煤電廠的煙氣“消白”，邊際成本很高，得不償失。</div> <div> 消除“白煙”單位千瓦的投資一般在70元左右，全國燃煤電廠進行消除“白煙”約需700億元，每年的運行費用大約在200億元左右，另外每年還會增加標煤消耗400-1200萬噸。</div> <div> 看來，火電廠消除“白煙”的方式，本質上與改善環境質量無關，并且還要投資很多費用，所以僅從“美容”角度考慮消除白煙，結果是勞民傷財。</div> <div> 官方文件也提到了，不要做無用功的“白煙”消除：2019年10月，生態環境部牽頭印發的《京津冀及周邊地區2019-2020年秋冬季大氣污染綜合治理攻堅行動方案》明確規定：對穩定達到超低排放要求的電廠，不得強制要求治理“白色煙羽”。</div> <div> 火電污染物排放量大幅下降</div> <div> 2019年10月7日，英國《自然·能源》雜志發表報告稱，“中國針對燃煤火電機組采取的超低排放改造措施已取得顯著成效。截至2017年底，所有類型火電機組產生的二氧化硫等污染物排放量大幅下降。”</div> <div> 來自英國倫敦大學學院、中國生態環境部環境工程評估中心等機構的學者們對中國燃煤火電機組超低排放改造的實施情況與減排效果進行了測算，結果顯示，盡管中國發電量持續增長，但2017年所有類型火電機組的二氧化硫、氮氧化物和煙塵排放量較2014年相比均大幅下降。</div> <div> <img alt="" src="/uploads/allimg/200226/1-200226144505633.jpg" style="width: 662px; height: 445px;" /></div> <div> 2017年3月15日，安徽池州，藏身油菜花海中的神皖九華發電廠。為進一步節能減排，神皖九華發電公司自2015年以來先后對兩臺在役機組成功實施超低排放改造，并執行環保電價政策，成為安徽省和神華集團首家全廠機組享受超低排放加價政策的發電企業。</div> <div> 我國火電廠大氣污染物控制技術與管理水平已處于世界先進行列，大幅削減了常規大氣污染物排放，對改善大氣環境質量發揮了重要作用。</div> <div> 朱法華介紹，我國煤電發電量約占火電發電量的91%，美國煤電發電量約占火電發電量的50%（其余為燃氣發電），在這種情況下，2015年以后我國單位火電發電量的煙塵、二氧化硫、氮氧化物的排放量，即排放績效全面低于美國，進一步說明了我國燃煤電廠的低排放成效。</div> </div> <p id="cztz">版權聲明：本網注明來源為“環亞環?！钡奈淖?、圖片內容，版權均屬本站所有，如若轉載，請注明本文出處：http://www.9116wan.com 。同時本網轉載內容僅為傳播資訊，不代表本網觀點。如涉及作品內容、版權和其它問題，請與本網站聯系，我們將在及時刪除內容。</p> <p><br></p> <span class="czt"> <li id="tjyd"> 推薦閱讀：<a class="czt" href="/style/hyxw/2020/0629/1843.html">雖然工業污染治理成效顯著但是廢氣治理仍任重道遠</a> </li> </span> <div class="page" id="qhfy">上一篇：<a href='/style/hyxw/2020/0226/1449.html'>2020年鋼鐵行業燒結煙氣脫硫技術的發展論述與分析</a> 下一篇：<a href='/style/hyxw/2020/0226/1451.html'>專業人士給出的新冠肺炎疫情對水泥行業影響研究報告</a> </div> </div> <div class="czt">您可能喜歡：</div><br> <div class="czc"> <li class="flic"> <a class="czt" href="/style/crsryh/2018/0702/127.html"> <div class="tpcd"><img src="/uploads/180702/1-1PF2134043204.jpg" alt="RTO蓄熱氧化法" class="tpcs"/></div> <p class="cba">RTO蓄熱氧化法</p> </a> </li> <li class="flic"> <a 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